Pharmacology

If you want to read about the introduction of the endocrine system , follow the link  http://dpsru.blogspot.com/2021/07/endocrine-system-introduction.html Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland The hypothalamus , a small area below the thalamus, is the master gland and is a major link between nervous and endocrine systems. Cells in the hypothalamus produce at least nine different hormones. The pituitary gland is a pea-shaped structure having a diameter of 1–1.5 cm and is located in the hypophyseal fossa of the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone . The pituitary gland is attached to the hypothalamus through a stalk called the infundibulum . The pituitary gland has two separate lobes called Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) The anterior pituitary constitutes the 75% weight of the pituitary gland and is made up of epithelial tissue. The anterior pituitary has two parts in adults: The pars distalis is the larger portion.  The pars tuberalis forms a shea

Fig. 1: Endocrine Glands Neuroendocrine System : The nervous and endocrine systems coordinate together to maintain the homeostasis of the body.  Table 1: Comparison of the functioning of the nervous system and the endocrine system. A few of the mediators can act as both neurotransmitters and hormones. For example, norepinephrine is released as a neurotransmitter by sympathetic postganglionic neurons and as a hormone by chromaffin cells of the adrenal medullae.  A certain part of the nervous system regulates the working of the endocrine system.  The body contains two kinds of glands:  Exocrine glands  Endocrine glands  Exocrine glands secrete their products into ducts that carry the secretions to the target site. For example sudoriferous (sweat), sebaceous (oil), mucous , and digestive glands .  Endocrine glands release their products ( hormones ) into the interstitial fluid around the glands. The hormone diffuses into the blood capillaries from the interstitial fluid and reaches the

A digestive system is a group of organs that break down food (physically and chemically) so that it can be used by the body cells. Fig. 1: The digestive system The organs of the digestive system can be broadly divided into two: Gastrointestinal (GI) tract or alimentary canal  Accessory digestive organs