Pharmacology

Introduction The study aims to investigate the effect of drugs on the ciliary motility of the frog esophagus. Ciliary motility refers to the rhythmic and coordinated movement of cilia, which are hair-like structures present on the surface of cells in the esophagus. The ciliary movement plays a crucial role in transporting mucus and other substances along the esophageal lining. Requirements Animal: Frog Drugs: Acetylcholine, Physostigmine, Atropine Physiological Salt Solution: Frog's Ringer Solution Equipment: Frog board, and Poppy seeds Procedure Decapitate the frog and pin the frog to the frog board on its back. Pin the lower jaw to the abdomen cutting sufficiently the buccal cavity and exposing the esophagus. Keep the buccal cavity and the opening of the esophagus wet by irrigating it with Ringer solution. Fix two parts i.e., first the beginning point at the beginning of the esophagus and the endpoint. Keep this distance constant to measure the time taken by the poppy seed t